High Tibial Osteotomy

• High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a surgical procedure used to treat knee osteoarthritis, specifically when it affects only one side of the knee (unicompartmental osteoarthritis).
• It involves cutting the shinbone (tibia) and realigning it to shift weight-bearing away from the damaged area of the knee joint.

• Unicompartmental Knee Osteoarthritis: HTO is typically considered for patients with:
  • Medial Compartment Osteoarthritis: Arthritis affecting the inner side of the knee.
  • Varus Deformity: A "bow-legged" deformity where the knees angle inward.
  • Young to Middle-Aged Patients: HTO is generally more suitable for younger, more active patients.
• Failed Conservative Treatment: When conservative treatments (pain medication, physical therapy, assistive devices) have failed to provide adequate relief from knee pain and dysfunction.

• Incision: An incision is made on the side of the knee.
• Bone Cut: The shinbone (tibia) is cut using specialized tools.
• Realignment: The lower leg is then rotated and realigned to shift weight-bearing away from the damaged part of the knee.
• Fixation: Metal plates and screws are used to stabilize the realigned bone.

• immobilization: The knee may be immobilized with a brace or splint for a short period.
• Physical Therapy: Extensive physical therapy is crucial for regaining strength, flexibility, and range of motion. This may involve exercises to improve walking, balance, and daily activities.
• Weight-Bearing Restrictions: Weight-bearing restrictions may be necessary for a period after surgery.
• Return to Activity: A gradual return to normal activities is recommended, with full recovery often taking several months.

• Joint Preservation: HTO is considered a joint-preserving procedure, as it may delay or prevent the need for total knee replacement.
• Success Rates: HTO can be successful in relieving pain and improving knee function.
• Risks and Complications: As with any surgery, there are potential risks, such as infection, nerve damage, and stiffness.
• Not Suitable for Everyone: HTO is not suitable for all patients with knee osteoarthritis.

This information is for general knowledge and informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.