Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI)

• A two-stage surgical procedure to repair significant cartilage damage in the knee.  
• Cartilage is the smooth, slippery tissue that covers the ends of bones, allowing them to move easily within a joint.  
• ACI involves harvesting cartilage cells from the patient's own knee, growing them in a laboratory, and then implanting them back into the damaged area to regenerate new cartilage.

• Significant Cartilage Damage: For isolated, full-thickness defects in the articular cartilage of the knee. 
• Failed Conservative Treatment: When other treatments (rest, physical therapy, medications) have not provided adequate relief from pain and dysfunction caused by cartilage damage.

• Stage 1 (Cartilage Harvest):
  • A small sample of healthy cartilage is harvested from a non-weight-bearing area of the knee.  
  • The harvested cartilage is sent to a laboratory for cell culture.  
• Stage 2 (Cell Implantation):
  • Several weeks later, a second surgery is performed.  
  • The damaged area of cartilage is prepared to receive the cells.  
  • The cultured cartilage cells are implanted into the prepared defect.  
  • A periosteal patch (a thin layer of tissue from the bone) or a synthetic membrane may be used to cover the implanted cells.

• Immobilization: The knee may be immobilized with a brace or splint for a period.
• Physical Therapy: Extensive physical therapy is crucial for regaining strength, flexibility, and range of motion. This may involve exercises to strengthen the muscles around the knee, improve balance, and gradually return to normal activities. 
• Return to Activity: A gradual return to normal activities and sports is recommended, with full recovery often taking several months.

• Complex Procedure: ACI is a complex, multi-stage procedure.
• Success Rates: Success rates can vary. Factors such as the size and location of the defect, the quality of the implanted cells, and patient compliance with rehabilitation can influence outcomes.
• Risks: As with any surgery, there are potential risks, such as infection, bleeding, and stiffness.

This information is for general knowledge and informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.